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• A place to test the captive Sawyer and Kate, to see how they interact with a little more freedom and under high stress.
• Sawyer and Kate are being punished with hard labor because they are both fugitives.
  • Sawyer isn't a known fugitive. He's a persona non-grata in Australia, but the storyline indicates no outstanding warrants. In any case, if The Others were interested in crimes or justice, Ana Lucia, Charlie, and Mr. Eko would be on their list, as all of them have killed Others. In addition, Sayid tortured Ben, and Locke and Jack concurred in their decision to keep him a prisoner.
    • Ana Lucia was killed by Michael, who could have been ordered to do so by the Others. Charlie was killed by Mikhail, and Mr. Eko was killed by the smoke.
    • Sawyer murdered Duckett in cold blood the night before the flight of Oceanic 815, and The Others are aware of this. (This is referenced by Juliet in "One of Us".)
• The purpose of the project is to uncover some buried object, such as a part of the statue (or other artifacts left over from the indegenous people who built the statue and possibly the window rock near the Decoy Village) or a DHARMA station.
  • Notice the strings blocking off some of the other areas, which looks like an archeology dig site. It has been stated that in Season 3 there will be attention to an archaeological theme, to the people who were on the Island before the DHARMA Initiative's arrival in the late 1970s.
• The captive tailies are the other workers at the site.
• The quarry might mean absolutely nothing; the whole exercise may be a facade, the goal of which is simply to gauge the reactions of Kate and Sawyer, and ultimately psychologically break them down. The fact that a member of the book club is working onsite may support this theory.
• The quarry is Skinnerian (as mentioned in the Swan Orientation Film in nature, like Sawyer's cage. Pickett's electric shocks are clearly "positive punishment", and Juliet may have been making an attempt at "positive reinforcement" with her canteen; alternatively the entire fact of being assigned to the quarry in the first place may be the punishment.
• It's a place to expedite the impregnation of Kate. The Others want Kate to become pregnant so that they can take her kid. The Others anticipate that being forced to work in these conditions will make Sawyer operate solely on primitive desires for food, sex, and sleep (hence the fish biscuits). They dress Kate up so that he will be even more attracted to her, improving the chances that they would have sexual intercourse. This would also explain why Ben would allow Kate to enter his cage and do the deed when Ben was presumably watching through the surveilance monitors.
  • It would also explain why Kate was forced to say that she loves Sawyer.
• Work at the quarry is some sort of preparation for "moving the Island".

The Runway

• The Others have or plan to have an aircraft, which they will use to travel to and from the Island.
  • They may own or control Herarat Aviation
• The Others are building a runway because there is a certain aircraft that they want to land there.
• Related to the Periodic Resupply Drop
• Will be used to land the fake 815 which will end up (and be discovered) on the sea bed
• The Rock/Stone that was being broken up for this runway came from the 4-toed statue. It was mostly destroyed by the Others (or possibly even earlier) in order to build the runway.